Why was the story "James and the Giant Peach" banned?
When
a book is banned, the negative responses generally reflect the ideas, ethics, beliefs,
or fears within society during the period of banishment. In some cases, a book
is involved in the process of acceptance and rejection several times during its
life cycle; this is the case with the children’s story, James and the Giant Peach, published in 1960 by the author, Roald
Dahl. The structure of the story features a boy who loses his parents and is
sent to live with his cruel aunts. After a mystic and divine intervention, he
finds an escape from his terrible life by traveling in an enormous peach. He
meets lively and artistic insect characters inside the giant peach who show him
the meaning of true love and friendship.
James
and the Giant Peach struck a dissonant chord with audiences all over the
United States. Florida banned the book due to the images of James’ two aunts,
Sponge and Spiker. The aunts verbally and physically abuse James, forced him to
do all the work around their house, and they do not feed him regularly. The
aunts are also prideful and constantly concerned with how “beautiful” they perceive
themselves to be, but in reality both aunts are described as ugly. Protestors
claimed the description of the aunts cause children to question their outward
appearances and question themselves in regards to what is acceptable or
attractive in the eyes of peers. Critics also disliked the death of the aunts; they
were both rolled over and squashed by the giant peach. The character
descriptions of the aunts are vivid, and graphic; however, such depictions are
necessary as Dahl uses the imagery to support the grotesque and hateful
personas of the two aunts. Structurally speaking, in regards to the plot of the
literature, a conflict (cruel aunts) and resolve of that dilemma (death) is
necessary for a well-written and entertaining hero’s journey.
Wisconsin banned the book for
profanities because the word “ass” makes approximately three appearances. Also,
the character, Grasshopper, speaks of alcohol and tobacco use once. Critics see
racism in the book when Grasshopper states, “I’d rather be fried alive and eaten
by a Mexican.” (Dahl, 90). Wisconsin banned the book for sexual references. The
female spider character is seen as a sexual symbol because she “licks her
lips”. Some people see the Wisconsin interpretations of the book as petty and a
far reach of actual meaning. If these are reasons for banishing children’s
stories, then Sunday school lessons might as well be banned too.
Other reasons for banishment include
disobedience to authority figures, the mystical elements of the magic crocodile
tongues given to James by an old man, and the supernatural oversized peach.
Ohio banned James and the Giant Peach
because of the promotion of communism.
If viewing the book through a
literary Marxist filter, some
communist ideals emerge. First, while the aunts are still alive they try to
make money from showcasing the peach, charging admission for viewers to
experience an aspect of the natural world, even though the peach was chemically
or magically enhanced. James lives off the grid, free from authority after his
aunts are killed, and James becomes self-sufficient. When he and his friends
need food, they eat the peach. When James needs a boat, he floats in the peach.
When he needed a hot air balloon, he creatively fashioned the peach to serve
that function. The insect creatures he meets inside the peach become his
friends. They help each other with their own special talents and represent a
free-thinking, communal government. In example, the grasshopper is the
musician; he plays music with his legs which is described as a violin sound.
His music, songwriting, and dancing soothes and entertains the others. Spider
is the weaver, an artist with thread and in several instances aids James when
he needs a rope. She also weaves their beds. Earthworm explains to James that
he is the most important character because “every grain of soil upon the
surface of the land, every tiny little bit of soil that you can see has
actually passed through the body of an Earthworm during the last few years.”(Dahl,
74). The previous statement given by earthworm
and the concept of the peach sum up one of the themes of the book (the possible
theme causing the most rejection of the book): the natural world will overcome
the industrial. The concept is supported at the end of the book when the giant
peach lands on top of spike of the Empire State building in New York City. James
practices the love he has learned from his insect friends and shares the peach
with everyone in the city. After the peach is eaten, James is still independent;
he carves out the center of the seed, the pit of the peach, and calls it home
while inviting in as many visitors that would like to stop by and hear his
story of self-reliance.
This is an imaginative story for adults and children; the children enjoy the fun characters and mystical elements, while there are obvious social and political overtones for adults. Other than suppression of these ideas, I see no reason why the government should banish the book.